NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC

We are a biotechnology company focused on developing personalized immune therapies for cancer. We have developed a platform technology, DCVax®, which uses activated dendritic cells to mobilize a patient's own immune system to attack their cancer. Our lead product, DCVax®-L, is designed to treat solid tumor cancers where the tumor can be surgically removed. We completed a 331-patient international Phase III trial of DCVax-L for Glioblastoma multiforme brain cancer (GBM), published the results in the JAMA Oncology peer-reviewed journal, and on December 20, 2023, submitted a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) for commercial approval in the U.K. Our second product, DCVax®-Direct, is designed to treat inoperable solid tumors. A 40-patient Phase I trial has been completed, which included treatment of more than a dozen types of cancers. As of December 31, 2025, we hold 58 issued patents, including national validations in certain European countries, and 50 pending patent applications worldwide, grouped into 8 patent families. Of these, 47 issued patents, including validations in European countries, and 29 pending patent applications directly relate to our DCVax products. In the United States and Europe, some of our patents and applications relate to compositions and the use of products, while others relate to aspects such as manufacturing. For example, in the United States, we have two issued patents and four pending patent applications that relate to the composition and/or use of our DCVax products.