COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC.

Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. is a facilities-based provider of low-cost, high-speed Internet access, private network services, optical wavelength and optical transport services, and data center colocation space and power. The company's network is designed and optimized for packet-routed data transmission. Cogent Communications delivers services to businesses, communications service providers, and other bandwidth-intensive organizations in 57 countries across North America, Europe, South America, Asia, Oceania, and Africa. Headquartered in Washington, DC, the company is a Delaware corporation. Cogent Communications provides on-net Internet access and private network services to corporate, net-centric, and enterprise customers. Corporate customers, typically in multi-tenant office buildings, include law firms, financial services firms, advertising and marketing firms, health care providers, educational institutions, and other professional services businesses. Net-centric customers include other internet service providers ("ISPs"), telephone companies, mobile operators, cable television companies, and bandwidth-intensive users such as over-the-top media service providers, content delivery networks, web hosting companies, and commercial content and application software providers. These net-centric customers generally receive services in carrier-neutral colocation facilities or Cogent's own data centers. The company operates data centers throughout North America and Europe for customer equipment colocation and network access. Following the acquisition of the Cogent Fiber Business, the company expanded its target market to include larger "Enterprise" customers. In addition to on-net services, Cogent provides "off-net" Internet access and private network services to customers not directly connected to its network, primarily corporate customers, using third-party carriers for the "last mile" connection.